Medical Error Essay - 1131 Words

Medical errors are avoidable mistakes in the health care. These errors can take place in any type of health care institution. Medical errors can happen during medical tests and diagnosis, administration of medications, during surgery, and even lab reports, such as the mixing of two patients’ blood samples. These errors are usually caused by the lack of communication between doctors, nurses and other staff. A medical error could cause a severe consequence to the patient in cases consisting of severe injuries or cause/effect any health conditions, and even death. According to recent studies medical errors are not the third leading cause of death in the United States. (Walerius. 2016) Certain measures need to be put in to place in order†¦show more content†¦In the periodical Medical Errors: Where are We Now it says that a study that was conducted showed that only thirty percent of the patients were told about their medical errors. (Mewshaw, White, Walrath. p. 51) II. Medical Errors: Non-Disclosure and Disclosure Disclosing medical errors is considered necessary by patients and practitioners. They are advised to disclose in the form of an apology when necessary and appropriate. When a medical error causes damage to the patient, it seen as not acceptable because a patient goes for treatment in order to get better not to get worse therefore it calls for the situation to be addressed. When a medical error is not disclosed, the fellow peers who have witnessed the error must decide whether they should remain silent and keep the error to themselves or reveal the error to the higher up, although it would be in good faith to report the medical error to a higher up, unless it has caused harm or long-term damage to the patient. (Youngson. p. 69) There are many hospitals that the practitioners keep the errors made to themselves and do not disclose the medical errors to the families of patients or the patients themselves. Medical errors become a topic of conversation if the family of a patient or the patient themselves become aware about the error. Medical errors are something that should be disclosed in a good faith mannerShow MoreRelatedPersonal Code Of Ethics And System Of Moral Values1063 Words   |  5 Pagescompetence, interpersonal skills and commitment. Nurses work at each level of the health care system, have varied roles, and are constantly in contact with people. Dealing with this power and responsibility requires nurses to have knowledge and skills. ESSAY 1 I would help to build Henry’s manager/leader skills by showing him how it is to be a leader. Integrity is expected of all health professionals in the work place. A leader demonstrates integrity by being consistently truthful, honest, and reliableRead MoreEssay on Eliminating Abbreviations Errors in the Medical Field1201 Words   |  5 Pages†¢ How can eliminating abbreviations reduce errors? The use of abbreviations shortens length of many words thus really help healthcare professionals in saving time spent in writing notes. Abbreviations however do not always provide positive contributions due to misconceptions, misunderstandings, and misinterpretations leading to commitment of errors in the practice. Similarities in abbreviations for instance could root to a grave mistake. For instance the q.d. which an inscriber would like to indicateRead MoreThe Most Common Type of Medical Errors Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesCognitive errors of omission and commission are the most common types of medical errors that will happen in the workplace environment. The omission is an error that will occur when action has not been taken or when something has been left out. For example: An operator forgetting to save an updated file on a computer system before starting of the new file. Error of commission basically performing a correct action at the wrong time or vice versa. For example, a worker subtracting figure of theRead MoreMedical Errors in Healthcare System Essay examples2423 Words   |  10 Pagesis shocking to know that every year 98000 patients die from medical errors that can be prevented(Kohn, L. T., Corrigan, J. M., Donaldson, M. S. (Eds.), 2000). Medical errors are not a new issue in our healthcare system; these have been around for a long time. Hospitals have been trying to improve quality care and patients safety by implementing different strategies to prevent and reduce medical errors for past thirty years. Medical errors are the third leading cause of death after heart disease andRead MoreA Research Study On Guided Precision Essay1594 Words   |  7 Pagesand can be attributed to medical advancement and the use of medical checklists. Over the years, the medical practices and research studies from highly acclaimed professionals such as Dr. Atul Gawande, prove that checklists help guide medical professionals to a more precise outcome over medical practices without a checklist involved. Therefore, in order for concise, operative, and reliable medical practice, a checklist guideline is essential since it lessens the margin of error, increases life expectancyRead MoreMy Journey Through Writer’S Composition Has Been A Rocky1213 Words   |  5 PagesMy journey through Writer’s Composition has been a rocky rollercoaster with ups and downs, but from these experiences I have grown as a writer overall. The essays I have written for this course demonstrate that I have developed critical thinking and have shown minor improvements in my communication skills. They also demonstrate that though I have made some progress in personal responsibility and general writing skills, I still have work to do. From Writer’s Composition Two, I have developed an understandingRead MoreA Research Study On Situational Blindness Essa y1610 Words   |  7 Pagesand can be attributed to medical advancement and the use of medical checklists. Over the years, the medical practices and research studies from highly acclaimed professionals such as Dr. Atul Gawande, prove that checklists help guide medical professionals to a more precise outcome over medical practices without a checklist involved. Therefore, in order for concise, operative, and reliable medical practice, a checklist guideline is essential as it lessens the margin of error, increasing life expectancyRead MoreWhen Doctors Make Mistakes, By Atul Gawande, And Columbia s Last Flight909 Words   |  4 Pageseducation, work, medical care, and other key aspects. A lack of communication is dangerous in many circumstances. In two essays, â€Å"When Doctors Make Mistakes†, by Atul Gawande, and â€Å"Columbia’s Last Flight, by William Langewiesche the reader can perceive how a lack of communication can be lethal. In the medical field, precision is of the utmost importance when it comes to successfully ensuring that the job is done. Even the slightest mistake can be lethal, making communication vital in the medical field. ARead MoreA Research Study On Situational Blindness Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pagesand can be attributed to medical advancement and the use of medical checklists. Over the years, the medical practices and research studies from highly acclaimed professionals such as Dr. Atul Gawande, prove that checklists help guide medical professionals to a more precise outcome over medical practices without a checklist involved. Therefore, in order for concise, operative, and reliable medical practice, a checklist guideline is essential as it reduces the margin of error, increases positive prognosisRead MoreImproving The Quality Of Academic Writing997 Words   |  4 Pagesthe quality of academic writing and has taught me that writing is more than just a task with a checklist, it’s a constant work in process that allows expression of belief and ideas. The purpose of this course is to better prepare students to compose essays for an array of academic purposes throughout college and into their career. Throughout the semester, students taking this course have learned to conduct research, identify acceptable sources, analyze sources, synthesize a variety of sources, properly

The Share And Bond Market Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1886 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? When a Company wants to raise funds they look into the Capital Market, they use the 2 major instruments, long term debt which is in the form of bonds, and in the form of equity, where the company offers part this ownership for capital through issuing stocks/shares. There both traded in their specific markets. In we have the bond market where bonds are traded, which included government bonds also known as treasury bills and we have the stock market. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Share And Bond Market Finance Essay" essay for you Create order In Kenya bonds and stocks are traded in the Nairobi stock exchange, but in two separate markets of bonds and stocks. The NSE starts trading from Monday to Friday from 9am to 3pm, then after that any major company announcements are released. Share and Bond Market Stocks/Shares are an equity instrument, it is what people buy when they want to be a part of the ownership of a corporation and enjoy its gains. The shareholders are paid back depending on the business profits and terms. The shareholder enjoys dividends, rights issues, which allow them to purchase more new shares at a discounted rate. Some company also gives bonus shares, which are free share given to the shareholder per the decided ratio of holding equity in the company. But these benefits are dependent on how well the business is doing hence the shareholder has a risk. The risk is high when investing in a small business where as low in investing in a big business. We have to types of shareholders, preferred shareholders and ordinary shareholders. A bond is a debt instrument; here we have either the company or a government issuing bonds to raise capital from the capital market. The owners of the bond have no interest in the business and its gains but they pay attention to the c oupon rate, which is the interest they earn per given period. The interest can be fixed or floating. When a person buys the bond he does not own part of the business, but they can be secured with the business assets Comparison between the Kenyan Share and Question 2 There are many ways where money can be invested, some people may invest in Shares of companies, the bond market, in the real-estate, others invest in precious stones such as diamonds and gold, some even invest on the fluctuating currency. Investors do this to grow their money and increase their income. But they have risk involved in their investments. To reduce risk, it is advisory to have a balance protfolio Before commuting the Options the following was taken as major consideration, Holding a mixed portfolio can avoid high risk of returns. The vision 2030 of Kenya The upcoming elections of 2013 Life Expectancy in Kenya And bellow are few of the key rates that must be considered during investment. Central Bank Rate 13.00% 5/9/2012 Interbank Rate 8.80% 9/10/2012 CBK Discount Window 19% 10/9/2012 91 Day T-Bill 8.44% Oct,2012 REPO 9.47% 9/10/2012 Inflation Rate 5.32% Sep,2012 Lending Rate 16.5% July,2012 Savings Rate 1.58% Aug,2012 Deposit Rate 7.85% Aug,2012 Option1 1. Purchase more Land in Namanga Purchase another ÂÂ ½ acre of land in Namanga and rent it out to an investor. The land will cost around sh.800, 000 same values as his ÂÂ ½ acre. The expected rent for the renting the 2 ÂÂ ½ acre land would around Ksh.60, 000 per month 2. Purchase a Government Bond He should purchase a 1million shilling bond which will generate semi-annually. This will give him a better return rate than banks and the returns can be used in daily expenses. The bond should be a government bond (Treasury bill) and should be a secured bond. Currently the Central Bank of Kenya with the following details (summary). See attached .pdf for more details Amount of bond (issued) 15billion Coupon rate 11% Issue date 24th September 2012 Term to Maturity 15yrs The payments of interest- Semiannually 3. Invest in shares He should invest 1million into the stock market, and purchase securities that generate high dividends by purchasing shares like EABL, BAT and Barclays the investor will enjoy good amount of dividends, if not he could benefit from right issue and also sometimes be able to awarded bonus shares. Further own he can also buy and sell share based on the information attained in the market and gain revenue by selling the shares at higher changes in the prices 4. Remaining money The remaining amount of Ksh.700,00 can be put in fixed deposit which will earn monthly income. Banks such as Oriental Bank, Chase Bank, ABC Bank, and most local banks currently have an average fixed deposit rate of 8%, above the inflation rate of 6% which is good. The Ksh.28,000 that the wife gets monthly can be used for their daily expenses Merits of Option 1 The land is not increasing but population is, meaning demand for land of the future will keep increasing. This means if he purchases the land, the value of the land will be increasing as years go on and if he rents the land to investors, he will be able to generate monthly incomes Purchasing Bonds, will give the investor a higher return than banks do when they deposit their money in the bank. This will also mean that their money is growing as per the present value. Having a Fixed Bond, the coupon rate in not affected by inflation rate, hence the Interest gained will be calculated as an annuity. Compared to a floating coupon rate, where the interest paid will be uncertain and varying with time Investing in the stock market with Ksh1million will increase the risk buh will give a higher return from the share, it can help the investor gain through dividends, bonus shares and rights issues which are generated from the profits of the company. Banking sectors has been profitable for the few years and have been giving good returns to its investors. EABL and BAT have also been promising in the stock market Inventing in the stock market will allow the investor to liquidate his money quickly, because trading of the shares occurs every day and it more fasting moving than bonds and real estate The purchase of fixed deposit will allow their money to grow at a fixed rate and can be liquidate for better investment opportunities Demerits The Kenya economy is not stable and the upcoming elections could lead to high inflation which happened 5yrs ago, this will drop the prices of real estates sector and could increase inflation When investing in the stock market, it needs the investor to follow the stock market and its information released by the companys and government, because the stock exchange is very sensitive to information. Bonds are difficult to sell in the bond market compared to the stock market and liquidate your money Option 2 Sell and Purchase Land He should sell the farm for ksh.800, 000 and purchase a flat/apartment with worth 5m along athi-river and rent it for Ksh.60, 000 He can pay 4 million upfront and the reaming 1 million he can borrow a home loan from a bank, the Central Bank reduced the lending rate to 16.5%, so we can get a home loan for the amount at 19% including the risk The rent earned can be used to pay the mortgage (interest) on the loan borrowed Invest in the Stock market The reaming amount of ksh.300, 000 can be invested in the stock market as Kenya is a developing country. The Ksh.300,000 is not much of a great amount to invest in the share market, but buy purchasing shares like EABL, BAT and Barclays the investor will enjoy good amount of dividends, if not he could benefit from right issue and also sometimes be able to awarded bonus shares. Merits There will be a monthly income of rent, which will allow the investor to pay the monthly , and after the loan is repaid, he can earn monthly income from the house. Athi-river area close to the industrial area, which means all necessary utilities such as hospital, roads, water and electricity supply are available and ongoing housing projects such as Green park, Graceland and Lukenya Hills Park will help the value of the apartment grow in the near future. If their current rent increases in the near future they will be able to move to the new apartment, so they will have the flexibility to either stay on rent and receive rent or stay in their new apartment. Investing in shares can generate returns and the money put in the share market can be easily liquidated It will be easier to get a home loan as the apartment they purchased with the loan is held as security by the bank, hence the owner will be paying mortgage Demerits Borrowing a bank loan is not advisory, since Kenya economy is not stable and the fluctuating interest rates may lead to default in the loan, inflation and the upcoming elections could have a major impact on the interest rates The amount Ksh 300,000 to invest in the shares will not attain higher returns, because the higher the risk, the higher the return, hence investing on Ksh.300,000 will reduce risk and return. The investor will heavily depend on the rent received from the new purchased apartment to pay the loan and could lead to default in the loan. The Recommended Option I would recommend the first option, as it is a balanced portfolio of, Shares, Bond, Real estate and Fixed deposit to maximize returns The Land in Namanga will be very useful for multipurpose use. In the real estate by purchasing more land and renting it out will help generate monthly incomes, rather than leaving the farm bare. In the future he will be able to build a house for himself and he would have an option to also rent the house in Namanga. Namangas climate is favorable for farming mainly Horticultural, and the investor can be able to hire a few labors and put in capital for farm machinery. Hence he will have a small business that will be generating revenues. Purchasing a Fixed rate government bond, will help generate semi-annual interests on the bond, the interest will be received for the next 15yrs, which will keep help support to pay the daily expenses they have. With the accumulating interest, the couple can invest in purchasing a new house in the future, or if t hey are satisfied with the way they are living, then they can enjoy the interests by spending in on Holidays around the world. As the expected life expectancy in Kenya is 58 years as per the 2011 results. Having money in the fixed deposit will help them grow the money, and it will be easy to break the fixed deposit rather than selling the bond, this will allow the investor to pay up any upfront unexpected expenditure such as high-medical bills as they are aging. Having invested in both bond and shares, during the boom of the economy the investor will gain from the share market and during recession he will gain more from the bond purchased Compared to option 2, the investor will not have to borrow a loan from the bank to purchase the new house, which can be purchased in the future in Option1. The 2nd Option heavily depends on the rent of the house purchased as their main income. Where as in option1 we have many sources of income The main aim of increasing income and ma ximizing the investors money is by choosing Option 1.

Analysis Of The Book Zits - 831 Words

Have you ever wished to go back in time? Do you want to see what happened in the past with your own eyes? Zits, a 15 year old boy, who is half Indian and half Irish, actually went back in time and experienced many small parts of the past. Zits has been in many foster homes after his mom died of cancer. Zits would always get in trouble. He would run away from his foster parents and get caught by the police. He’s been in jail many times. That’s where Zits met Justice. Zits and Justice seems to get along well together. Zits feels like Justice understands him. Justice was also the one who helped Zits escape prison. They would practice shooting people on the roof of a warehouse and go to alleys to shoot people with paint guns. â€Å"I practice killing people until it feels like I’m really killing them†(33). This is what Zits say before he went to a bank with a real pistol and a paint gun and started shooting at the people at the bank until bank gaurd shoots at him in the back of his head. When he wakes up he finds himself in a small, cheap, and filthy motel room. Zits also finds himself in a different body and with a cop. He finds out that he is in Hank Storm’s body. He is an FBI agent and he is with Hank’s long time friend Art which is also an FBI agent too. Not only did he find out that he is in a different body but also in a different time. It is 1975 and Art is taking him to a reservation. There they met with 2 Indians guys named Horse and Elk which are famous people in theShow MoreRelatedCareers and Organization28406 Words   |  114 PagesAlthough case studies rely on additional data (e.g. observations, surveys, reports), no supplementary sources of information were available to amplify this case study. The interviews are therefore the only source of information to collect data. Data analysis The two interviews have been transcribed, see also the appendix. The data has been analyzed by going back and forth between the transcripts and the literary findings. In addition, three steps have been used to analyze the data. The first stepRead More The Influence of Popular Culture on Societys Self-Perception2846 Words   |  12 Pagesmold their beliefs and actions into those that reinforce female subordination through the traditional standards of a patriarchal society. For the purpose of analysis, I will focus on three publications for women, each with a slightly different audience according to the age and class brackets targeted and the subjects offered. In her analysis of one of Britain’s women’s magazines called Jackie, McRobbie identifies four codes that form the content of these publications: those of fashion and beautyRead MoreMergers and Acquisitions in Ghana20927 Words   |  84 PagesMergers 35 Quantitative Factors Affecting Merger Terms 35 Merger Waves 37 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 41 Introduction 41 Background of the Companies 41 Study Design 51 CHAPTER FOUR: ANALYSIS AND DISSCUSSION 54 Introduction 54 Data Analysis 56 Discussion of Results 59 CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMANDATIONS 69 Summary 69 Conclusions 70 Recommendations 72 REFERENCES 74 APPENDIXES 78 viii

Report That Outlines a Problem That Faces an Anonymous Company

Question: Report That Outlines A Problem That Faces an How Anonymous Company? Answer: Introduction The task is a report that outlines a problem that faces an anonymous company X which is well-known in processing milk for human consumption. The report is a compilation as a result of a project that is carried out by a group of student to determine organization behaviors and management in regards to solving a problem that arises in a company which has several negative effects, either to employees or customers (Porter, 2008). Additionally, having a problem in a company can result in poor service delivery, employees who are not motivated and in effect, loss of profit to the company. The report, therefore, discusses some of these consequences about models in business models discussed. The report also gives a brief over view of the organization but does not disclose its name. This is in regards to what it does, the reputation, its size and the manner in which it operates. Lastly, the report will give some of the recommendations or rather suggestion that it needs to adopt to alleviate it from the negative consequences that are likely to come as a result of the problem. The Organization Company X is well-known in processing milk for human consumption. It is a boasts about being in the market and able to undergo a tremendous increase in the number of workers, assets, and revenue. In addition to that, the company is located on a six-acre piece of land which acts as both as a processing and a packaging site for the received and processed milk or milk products respectively. As for January 2017, the company listed its employees to be 2453 including top managers. Lastly, it does not have branches that aid the company in its operation. The Problem of the Company Poor communication is the problem that affects the company, both internally and externally. In most organization, communication is instrumental in relaying information not only to employees but also to customers as well. Communication, which consists verbal and nonverbal, affects how a person thinks, expressiveness and integrity. In the organization, X, poor communication has resulted in numerous negative effects that undermine the organizations objectives. These include but are not limited to increased workers turnover, increased absenteeism, and poor customer service which in effect have led to the organization losing some of its customers and soiling its reputation among loyal customers (Melville, Kraemer, Gurbaxani, 2004). Lastly, organization X poor communication generates ineffective change in management and leads to loss of profit from the organization. To start with dissatisfied customers, the organizations management is failing to train its employees on how to properly communicate to customers. As the organization work entails interacting with customers who deliver milk to the company for processing, poor communication makes some of them consider other milk processing companies who are well in business etiquette especially in regards to communication (Sayeg, Anthony, Perrew, 2004). According to a recent research study, poor communication to customers results in the generation of bad attitude from customers towards the company, and in effect, develops decrease by a significant amount customers satisfaction. Secondly, as result of poor internal communication, specifically from the top management towards the employees, the organization is quickly registering an increased number of employee turnovers. The top management of the organization conduct minimal communication towards the lower employees, and this has generated a scenario where the boss is unlikely to know what is not pleasing or is disturbing junior workers (Hill, Jones, Schilling, 2014). Thus, the organizations continue to lose employees over issues that appear to be manageable for an increase in salaries or promotions. Watson Wyatt research suggests that organizations that maintain effective or rather good communication are likely, by 50 percent to register turnover standards that are below the company average as compare to one that offers poor communication which is at 33 percent. Another problem that results from poor communication is an increase in absenteeism. Research suggests that employee motivation can be damaged as a result of poor communication, that which is ineffective, insensitive and inadequate. It is worth noting that what determines whether an employee comes to work every day or not is largely dependent on motivation (Alvesson, HardY, Harley, 2008). In this regards, some of the absenteeism that the organization faces may be as a result of low motivation from top management on its employees. Research also indicates that if the employees feel that they are fully informed, the absence rates are quite minimal. Lastly, poor communication has an implication on change management in that the presence of it results in ineffective communication. The results are that it leads to a useless change of control. In modern times, there is the need for a change of structure that comprises a business. However, in a case where there is no need for such chase, there must be a manager capable of affecting the significant resistance (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2006). Most importantly, the management or managers need to possess good communication skills to deal with employees. Thus, poor communication in the organization has a potential to cause disagreement between top managers and junior workers. Poor Communication and problem solving There are various concepts, models or theories that managers use as a basis for decision making. These include but are not limited to porters five forces analysis, Pest analysis or Swot analysis. However, in this report, the group intends to us Portes five forces analysis as it appears to be the most relevant of the three that have been mentioned among the many that exist (Keller, 2001). To start with, porters five forces analysis concerns itself with analyzing threats that emanate from competition that is common among with any organization. Bargaining potential of customers The bargaining power of clients is additionally portrayed as the market of yields: the capacity of clients to put the firm underweight, which likewise influences the client's affectability to value changes. Firms can take measures to diminish purchaser power, for example, actualizing an unwavering news program (Wright, Goodwin, 2009). The purchaser power is high if the purchaser has numerous options. Therefore, managers can detect flaws in the organization that makes the customer have an unpleasant bargaining power. However, effective communication skills must be used. Bargaining potential of suppliers The bargaining power of providers is additionally depicted as the market of sources of info. Providers of crude materials, segments, work, and administrations, to the organization can be a wellspring of control over the firm when there are few substitutes (Courtney, 2001). If you are making bread rolls and there is just a single individual who offers flour, you have no option, however, to get it from them. Providers may decline to work with the firm or charge exorbitantly high costs for special assets. This is another way to evaluate what needs to be rectified within an organization. Solution to the problem Firstly, one way that the organization can solve the problem of poor communication is by embracing new technologies. The modern world is witnessing a technological revolution, and in effect, new, faster and efficient way of communication (Loe, Ferrell, Mansfield, 2000). Therefore, the management needs to embrace and rally the employees to embrace the use of emails or the organization to put a portal that will keep informing the people of new updates as far as the organization is concerned. In addition to that, it is prudent for top managers or the management, in general, to set out a time frame that it can communicate to junior staffs. There are various ways that this can be done, for instance, in case a problem arises which is a result of poor communication (Jovarauskien?, Pilinkien?, 2015). It is advisable for the management to organize for a brief notification for the same, also, highlight some of the probable effects as a result of the problem and the various methods of solving the problem. In addition to that, there can also be an arrangement for the problem to be discussed in detail. Another method that can lead to an effective way of communication is by identifying and also sharing both efficient and ineffective behaviors. The idea here is for junior staffs to convey a message to senior staffs in regards to misconduct that appears to be coming from the management. It can be a difficult task in any organization (Chochliouros, Spiliopoulou-Chochliourou, 2005).. However, the junior staff must address the issue in a respectable manner noting some of the reason that why such a discussion is necessary and of use to the organizations. In addition to that, it is important to one to gather data in form through a survey in order to notice the most important points that can create attention to the managers. Sharing data is a significant step that can help one to uncover the pertinent issues that can generate constructive business dialogue with the managers and top most personnel in the organization (Somers, Nelson, 2001). One such method is the creating questions and developing answers to the questions. For instance, what traits can aid in ensuring that the work is done in a productive way? What are some of the behaviors that discourage work progress? What are some of the ways that a person can develop to improve working as a term? Lastly, proper communication needs support from within the organization. In a case of junior staffs, they can enhance their communication to top management by coming up together to form a group that is likely to form an efficient force in communicating to top management. On the other hand, the workers can learn a lot from the top management on how to communicate to consumers and customers to improve the relationship between the consumers and the organization (Lovelock, Wirtz, Chew, 2009). Thus, these form part of the things the organization needs to keep in mind in developing good communication that will help achieve the organization goals. Conclusion Poor communication is, therefore, one of the bad habits that affect organization x as far as the work it carries out is concerned. There are also various effects of poor communication in an organization, and in particular, organization X. Firstly, poor communication is associated with increased absentees among workers. Poor communication does not motivate employees, and this becomes one of the reasons for absenteeism. In addition to that, poor communication is brought about high levels of employees turnover and a decrease in profit of the organization. Lastly, poor communication affects the relation between the organization and its customers. On the other hand, managers use various models and concepts in decision making. These include but are not limited to Pest, Pest, Swot and porters five forces analysis. There are also ways that one can implement or practice to improve communication, these can help not only the organization relation to the customer but also junior staff to effecti vely communicate with senior staff or those in the managerial positions. References Porter, M. E. (2008). The five competitive forces that shape strategy.Harvard business review,86(1), 25-40. Sayegh, L., Anthony, W. P., Perrew, P. L. (2004). Managerial decision-making under crisis: The role of emotion in an intuitive decision process. Human Resource Management Review,14(2), 179-199. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Alvesson, M., Hardy, C., Harley, B. (2008). Reflecting on reflexivity: Reflexive textual practices in organization and management theory.Journal of management studies,45(3), 480-501. Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerhart, B., Wright, P. M. (2006). Human resource management: Gaining a competitive advantage. Keller, R. T. (2001). Cross-functional project groups in research and new product development: Diversity, communications, job stress, and outcomes.Academy of management journal,44(3), 547-555. Wright, G., Goodwin, P. (2009).Decision analysis for management judgment. John Wiley and sons. Courtney, J. F. (2001). Decision making and knowledge management in inquiring organizations: toward a new decision-making paradigm for DSS.Decision Support Systems,31(1), 17-38. Loe, T. W., Ferrell, L., Mansfield, P. (2000). A review of empirical studies assessing ethical decision making in business.Journal of business ethics,25(3), 185-204. Jovarauskien?, D., Pilinkien?, V. (2015). E-Business or E-technology?.Engineering Economics,61(1). Chochliouros, I. P., Spiliopoulou-Chochliourou, A. S. (2005). Visions for the Completion of the European Successful Migration to 3G Systems and Services: Current and Future Options for Technology Evolution, Business Opportunities, Market Development, and Regulate. InMobile and Wireless Systems Beyond 3G: Managing New Business Opportunities(pp. 342-368). IGI Global. Lovelock, C. H., Wirtz, J., Chew, P. (2009). Essentials of services marketing. Somers, T. M., Nelson, K. (2001, January). The impact of critical success factors across the stages of enterprise resource planning implementations. InSystem Sciences, 2001. Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 10-pp). IEEE. Melville, N., Kraemer, K., Gurbaxani, V. (2004). Review: Information technology and organizational performance: An integrative model of IT business value.MIS quarterly,28(2), 283-322